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temperature-sensor / scripts /bme680i.py

Luthira A

updated scripts and unique id generation with form for mqtt connection

4bec42e almost 2 years ago

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# The MIT License (MIT)
#
# Copyright (c) 2017 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

# We have a lot of attributes for this complex sensor.
# pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes

"""
`adafruit_bme680` - Adafruit BME680 - Temperature, Humidity, Pressure & Gas Sensor
===================================================================================
CircuitPython driver from BME680 air quality sensor
* Author(s): ladyada
"""

import time
import math
from micropython import const
from ubinascii import hexlify as hex
try:
    import struct
except ImportError:
    import ustruct as struct

#    I2C ADDRESS/BITS/SETTINGS
#    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
_BME680_CHIPID = const(0x61)

_BME680_REG_CHIPID = const(0xD0)
_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR1 = const(0x89)
_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR2 = const(0xE1)
_BME680_BME680_RES_HEAT_0 = const(0x5A)
_BME680_BME680_GAS_WAIT_0 = const(0x64)

_BME680_REG_SOFTRESET = const(0xE0)
_BME680_REG_CTRL_GAS = const(0x71)
_BME680_REG_CTRL_HUM = const(0x72)
_BME280_REG_STATUS = const(0xF3)
_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS = const(0x74)
_BME680_REG_CONFIG = const(0x75)

_BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT = const(0x73)
_BME680_REG_MEAS_STATUS = const(0x1D)
_BME680_REG_PDATA = const(0x1F)
_BME680_REG_TDATA = const(0x22)
_BME680_REG_HDATA = const(0x25)

_BME680_SAMPLERATES = (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
_BME680_FILTERSIZES = (0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127)

_BME680_RUNGAS = const(0x10)

_LOOKUP_TABLE_1 = (2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647,
                   2126008810, 2147483647, 2130303777, 2147483647, 2147483647,
                   2143188679, 2136746228, 2147483647, 2126008810, 2147483647,
                   2147483647)

_LOOKUP_TABLE_2 = (4096000000, 2048000000, 1024000000, 512000000, 255744255, 127110228,
                   64000000, 32258064, 16016016, 8000000, 4000000, 2000000, 1000000,
                   500000, 250000, 125000)


def _read24(arr):
    """Parse an unsigned 24-bit value as a floating point and return it."""
    ret = 0
    #print([hex(i) for i in arr])
    for b in arr:
        ret <<= 8
        ret += b & 0xFF
    return ret


class Adafruit_BME680:
    """Driver from BME680 air quality sensor
       :param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
         will be from the previous reading."""
    def __init__(self, *, refresh_rate=10):
        """Check the BME680 was found, read the coefficients and enable the sensor for continuous
           reads."""
        self._write(_BME680_REG_SOFTRESET, [0xB6])
        time.sleep(0.005)

        # Check device ID.
        chip_id = self._read_byte(_BME680_REG_CHIPID)
        if chip_id != _BME680_CHIPID:
            raise RuntimeError('Failed to find BME680! Chip ID 0x%x' % chip_id)

        self._read_calibration()

        # set up heater
        self._write(_BME680_BME680_RES_HEAT_0, [0x73])
        self._write(_BME680_BME680_GAS_WAIT_0, [0x65])

        self.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
        """Pressure in hectoPascals at sea level. Used to calibrate ``altitude``."""

        # Default oversampling and filter register values.
        self._pressure_oversample = 0b011
        self._temp_oversample = 0b100
        self._humidity_oversample = 0b010
        self._filter = 0b010

        self._adc_pres = None
        self._adc_temp = None
        self._adc_hum = None
        self._adc_gas = None
        self._gas_range = None
        self._t_fine = None

        self._last_reading = time.ticks_ms()
        self._min_refresh_time = 1000 // refresh_rate

    @property
    def pressure_oversample(self):
        """The oversampling for pressure sensor"""
        return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._pressure_oversample]

    @pressure_oversample.setter
    def pressure_oversample(self, sample_rate):
        if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
            self._pressure_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

    @property
    def humidity_oversample(self):
        """The oversampling for humidity sensor"""
        return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._humidity_oversample]

    @humidity_oversample.setter
    def humidity_oversample(self, sample_rate):
        if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
            self._humidity_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

    @property
    def temperature_oversample(self):
        """The oversampling for temperature sensor"""
        return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._temp_oversample]

    @temperature_oversample.setter
    def temperature_oversample(self, sample_rate):
        if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
            self._temp_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

    @property
    def filter_size(self):
        """The filter size for the built in IIR filter"""
        return _BME680_FILTERSIZES[self._filter]

    @filter_size.setter
    def filter_size(self, size):
        if size in _BME680_FILTERSIZES:
            self._filter = _BME680_FILTERSIZES[size]
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("Invalid size")

    @property
    def temperature(self):
        """The compensated temperature in degrees celsius."""
        self._perform_reading()
        calc_temp = (((self._t_fine * 5) + 128) // 256)
        return calc_temp / 100

    @property
    def pressure(self):
        """The barometric pressure in hectoPascals"""
        self._perform_reading()
        
        var1 = (int(self._t_fine) >> 1) - 64000
        var2 = ((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2 )) >> 11
        var2 = (var2 * self._pressure_calibration[5]) >> 2
        var2 = var2 + ((var1 * self._pressure_calibration[4]) << 1)
        var2 = (var2 >> 2) + (self._pressure_calibration[3] << 16)
        var1 = (((((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 13) *
                (self._pressure_calibration[2] << 5) >> 3) +
                ((self._pressure_calibration[1] * var1) >> 1))
        var1 = var1 >> 18
        var1 = ((32768 + var1) * self._pressure_calibration[0]) >> 15
        calc_pres = 1048576 - int(self._adc_pres)
        calc_pres = (calc_pres - (var2 >> 12)) * 3125
        calc_pres = (calc_pres << 1) // var1
        var1 = (self._pressure_calibration[8] * (((calc_pres >> 3) * (calc_pres >> 3)) >> 13)) >> 12
        var2 = ((calc_pres >> 2) * self._pressure_calibration[7]) >> 13
        var3 = (((calc_pres >> 8) * (calc_pres >> 8) * (calc_pres >> 8)) * self._pressure_calibration[9]) >> 17
        calc_pres += ((var1 + var2 + var3 + (self._pressure_calibration[6] << 7)) >> 4)
        return calc_pres / 100

    @property
    def humidity(self):
        """The relative humidity in RH %"""
        self._perform_reading()

        temp_scaled = ((self._t_fine * 5) + 128) >> 8
        var1 = ((self._adc_hum - (self._humidity_calibration[0] * 16)) -
                (((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[2]) // 100) >> 1))
        var2 = (self._humidity_calibration[1] *
                (((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[3]) // 100) +
                 (((temp_scaled * ((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[4]) 
                    // 100)) >> 6) // 100) + 16384)) >> 10
        var3 = var1 * var2
        var4 = self._humidity_calibration[5] << 7
        var4 = (var4 + ((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[6]) // 100)) >> 4
        var5 = ((var3 >> 14) * (var3 >> 14)) >> 10
        var6 = (var4 * var5) >> 1
        calc_hum = ((var3 + var6) >> 10) / 4096 

        if calc_hum > 10000:
            calc_hum = 10000
        if calc_hum < 0:
            calc_hum = 0
        return calc_hum

    @property
    def altitude(self):
        """The altitude based on current ``pressure`` vs the sea level pressure
           (``sea_level_pressure``) - which you must enter ahead of time)"""
        pressure = self.pressure # in Si units for hPascal
        return 44330 * (1.0 - math.pow(pressure / self.sea_level_pressure, 0.1903))

    @property
    def gas(self):
        """The gas resistance in ohms"""
        self._perform_reading()
        var1 = ((1340 + (5 * self._sw_err)) * (_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[self._gas_range])) >> 16
        var2 = ((self._adc_gas << 15) - 16777216) + var1
        var3 = (_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[self._gas_range] * var1) >> 9
        calc_gas_res = (var3 + (var2 >> 1)) // var2
        return int(calc_gas_res)

    def _perform_reading(self):
        """Perform a single-shot reading from the sensor and fill internal data structure for
           calculations"""
        expired = time.ticks_diff(self._last_reading, time.ticks_ms()) * time.ticks_diff(0, 1)
        if 0 <= expired < self._min_refresh_time:
            time.sleep_ms(self._min_refresh_time - expired)

        # set filter
        self._write(_BME680_REG_CONFIG, [self._filter << 2])
        # turn on temp oversample & pressure oversample
        self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS,
                    [(self._temp_oversample << 5)|(self._pressure_oversample << 2)])
        # turn on humidity oversample
        self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_HUM, [self._humidity_oversample])
        # gas measurements enabled
        self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_GAS, [_BME680_RUNGAS])

        ctrl = self._read_byte(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS)
        ctrl = (ctrl & 0xFC) | 0x01  # enable single shot!
        self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS, [ctrl])
        new_data = False
        while not new_data:
            data = self._read(_BME680_REG_MEAS_STATUS, 15)
            new_data = data[0] & 0x80 != 0
            time.sleep(0.005)
        self._last_reading = time.ticks_ms()

        self._adc_pres = _read24(data[2:5]) / 16
        self._adc_temp = _read24(data[5:8]) / 16
        self._adc_hum = struct.unpack('>H', bytes(data[8:10]))[0]
        self._adc_gas = int(struct.unpack('>H', bytes(data[13:15]))[0] / 64)
        self._gas_range = data[14] & 0x0F

        var1 = (int(self._adc_temp) >> 3) - (self._temp_calibration[0] << 1)
        var2 = (var1 * self._temp_calibration[1]) >> 11
        var3 = ((var1 >> 1) * (var1 >> 1)) >> 12
        var3 = (var3 * self._temp_calibration[2] << 4) >> 14
        self._t_fine = int(var2 + var3)

    def _read_calibration(self):
        """Read & save the calibration coefficients"""
        coeff = self._read(_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR1, 25)
        coeff += self._read(_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR2, 16)

        coeff = list(struct.unpack('<hbBHhbBhhbbHhhBBBHbbbBbHhbb', bytes(coeff[1:39])))
        # print("\n\n",coeff)
        self._temp_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [23, 0, 1]]
        self._pressure_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 9, 12, 13, 14]]
        self._humidity_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [17, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]]
        self._gas_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [25, 24, 26]]

        # flip around H1 & H2
        self._humidity_calibration[1] <<= 4
        self._humidity_calibration[1] |= self._humidity_calibration[0] & 0x0f
        self._humidity_calibration[0] >>= 4

        self._heat_range = (self._read_byte(0x02) & 0x30) >> 4
        self._heat_val = self._read_byte(0x00)
        self._sw_err = (self._read_byte(0x04) & 0xF0) >> 4

    def _read_byte(self, register):
        """Read a byte register value and return it"""
        return self._read(register, 1)[0]

    def _read(self, register, length):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def _write(self, register, values):
        raise NotImplementedError()

class BME680_I2C(Adafruit_BME680):
    """Driver for I2C connected BME680.
        :param i2c: I2C device object
        :param int address: I2C device address
        :param bool debug: Print debug statements when True.
        :param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
          will be from the previous reading."""
    def __init__(self, i2c, address=0x77, debug=False, *, refresh_rate=10):
        """Initialize the I2C device at the 'address' given"""
        self._i2c = i2c
        self._address = address
        self._debug = debug
        super().__init__(refresh_rate=refresh_rate)

    def _read(self, register, length):
        """Returns an array of 'length' bytes from the 'register'"""
        result = bytearray(length)
        self._i2c.readfrom_mem_into(self._address, register & 0xff, result)
        if self._debug:
            print("\t${:x} read ".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in result]))
        return result

    def _write(self, register, values):
        """Writes an array of 'length' bytes to the 'register'"""
        if self._debug:
            print("\t${:x} write".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in values]))
        for value in values:
            self._i2c.writeto_mem(self._address, register, bytearray([value & 0xFF]))
            register += 1


class BME680_SPI(Adafruit_BME680):
    """Driver for SPI connected BME680.
        :param spi: SPI device object, configured
        :param cs: Chip Select Pin object, configured to OUT mode
        :param bool debug: Print debug statements when True.
        :param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
          will be from the previous reading.
      """

    def __init__(self, spi, cs, debug=False, *, refresh_rate=10):
        self._spi = spi
        self._cs = cs
        self._debug = debug
        self._cs(1)
        super().__init__(refresh_rate=refresh_rate)

    def _read(self, register, length):
        if register != _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT:
            # _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT exists in both SPI memory pages
            # For all other registers, we must set the correct memory page
            self._set_spi_mem_page(register)
        register = (register | 0x80) & 0xFF  # Read single, bit 7 high.

        try:
            self._cs(0)
            self._spi.write(bytearray([register]))  # pylint: disable=no-member
            result = bytearray(length)
            self._spi.readinto(result)  # pylint: disable=no-member
            if self._debug:
                print("\t${:x} read ".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in result]))
        except Exception as e:
            print (e)
            result = None
        finally:
            self._cs(1)
        return result

    def _write(self, register, values):
        if register != _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT:
            # _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT exists in both SPI memory pages
            # For all other registers, we must set the correct memory page
            self._set_spi_mem_page(register)
        register &= 0x7F  # Write, bit 7 low.
        try:
            self._cs(0)
            buffer = bytearray(2 * len(values))
            for i, value in enumerate(values):
                buffer[2 * i] = register + i
                buffer[2 * i + 1] = value & 0xFF
            self._spi.write(buffer)  # pylint: disable=no-member
            if self._debug:
                print("\t${:x} write".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in values]))
        except Exception as e:
            print (e)
        finally:
            self._cs(1)

    def _set_spi_mem_page(self, register):
        spi_mem_page = 0x00
        if register < 0x80:
            spi_mem_page = 0x10
        self._write(_BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT, [spi_mem_page])

	# The MIT License (MIT)
	#
	# Copyright (c) 2017 ladyada for Adafruit Industries
	#
	# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	#
	# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	#
	# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	# THE SOFTWARE.

	# We have a lot of attributes for this complex sensor.
	# pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes

	"""
	`adafruit_bme680` - Adafruit BME680 - Temperature, Humidity, Pressure & Gas Sensor
	===================================================================================

	CircuitPython driver from BME680 air quality sensor

	* Author(s): ladyada
	"""

	import time
	import math
	from micropython import const
	from ubinascii import hexlify as hex
	try:
	import struct
	except ImportError:
	import ustruct as struct

	# I2C ADDRESS/BITS/SETTINGS
	# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
	_BME680_CHIPID = const(0x61)

	_BME680_REG_CHIPID = const(0xD0)
	_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR1 = const(0x89)
	_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR2 = const(0xE1)
	_BME680_BME680_RES_HEAT_0 = const(0x5A)
	_BME680_BME680_GAS_WAIT_0 = const(0x64)

	_BME680_REG_SOFTRESET = const(0xE0)
	_BME680_REG_CTRL_GAS = const(0x71)
	_BME680_REG_CTRL_HUM = const(0x72)
	_BME280_REG_STATUS = const(0xF3)
	_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS = const(0x74)
	_BME680_REG_CONFIG = const(0x75)

	_BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT = const(0x73)
	_BME680_REG_MEAS_STATUS = const(0x1D)
	_BME680_REG_PDATA = const(0x1F)
	_BME680_REG_TDATA = const(0x22)
	_BME680_REG_HDATA = const(0x25)

	_BME680_SAMPLERATES = (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)
	_BME680_FILTERSIZES = (0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127)

	_BME680_RUNGAS = const(0x10)

	_LOOKUP_TABLE_1 = (2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647, 2147483647,
	2126008810, 2147483647, 2130303777, 2147483647, 2147483647,
	2143188679, 2136746228, 2147483647, 2126008810, 2147483647,
	2147483647)

	_LOOKUP_TABLE_2 = (4096000000, 2048000000, 1024000000, 512000000, 255744255, 127110228,
	64000000, 32258064, 16016016, 8000000, 4000000, 2000000, 1000000,
	500000, 250000, 125000)


	def _read24(arr):
	"""Parse an unsigned 24-bit value as a floating point and return it."""
	ret = 0
	#print([hex(i) for i in arr])
	for b in arr:
	ret <<= 8
	ret += b & 0xFF
	return ret


	class Adafruit_BME680:
	"""Driver from BME680 air quality sensor

	:param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
	will be from the previous reading."""
	def __init__(self, *, refresh_rate=10):
	"""Check the BME680 was found, read the coefficients and enable the sensor for continuous
	reads."""
	self._write(_BME680_REG_SOFTRESET, [0xB6])
	time.sleep(0.005)

	# Check device ID.
	chip_id = self._read_byte(_BME680_REG_CHIPID)
	if chip_id != _BME680_CHIPID:
	raise RuntimeError('Failed to find BME680! Chip ID 0x%x' % chip_id)

	self._read_calibration()

	# set up heater
	self._write(_BME680_BME680_RES_HEAT_0, [0x73])
	self._write(_BME680_BME680_GAS_WAIT_0, [0x65])

	self.sea_level_pressure = 1013.25
	"""Pressure in hectoPascals at sea level. Used to calibrate ``altitude``."""

	# Default oversampling and filter register values.
	self._pressure_oversample = 0b011
	self._temp_oversample = 0b100
	self._humidity_oversample = 0b010
	self._filter = 0b010

	self._adc_pres = None
	self._adc_temp = None
	self._adc_hum = None
	self._adc_gas = None
	self._gas_range = None
	self._t_fine = None

	self._last_reading = time.ticks_ms()
	self._min_refresh_time = 1000 // refresh_rate

	@property
	def pressure_oversample(self):
	"""The oversampling for pressure sensor"""
	return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._pressure_oversample]

	@pressure_oversample.setter
	def pressure_oversample(self, sample_rate):
	if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
	self._pressure_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
	else:
	raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

	@property
	def humidity_oversample(self):
	"""The oversampling for humidity sensor"""
	return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._humidity_oversample]

	@humidity_oversample.setter
	def humidity_oversample(self, sample_rate):
	if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
	self._humidity_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
	else:
	raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

	@property
	def temperature_oversample(self):
	"""The oversampling for temperature sensor"""
	return _BME680_SAMPLERATES[self._temp_oversample]

	@temperature_oversample.setter
	def temperature_oversample(self, sample_rate):
	if sample_rate in _BME680_SAMPLERATES:
	self._temp_oversample = _BME680_SAMPLERATES.index(sample_rate)
	else:
	raise RuntimeError("Invalid oversample")

	@property
	def filter_size(self):
	"""The filter size for the built in IIR filter"""
	return _BME680_FILTERSIZES[self._filter]

	@filter_size.setter
	def filter_size(self, size):
	if size in _BME680_FILTERSIZES:
	self._filter = _BME680_FILTERSIZES[size]
	else:
	raise RuntimeError("Invalid size")

	@property
	def temperature(self):
	"""The compensated temperature in degrees celsius."""
	self._perform_reading()
	calc_temp = (((self._t_fine * 5) + 128) // 256)
	return calc_temp / 100

	@property
	def pressure(self):
	"""The barometric pressure in hectoPascals"""
	self._perform_reading()

	var1 = (int(self._t_fine) >> 1) - 64000
	var2 = ((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2 )) >> 11
	var2 = (var2 * self._pressure_calibration[5]) >> 2
	var2 = var2 + ((var1 * self._pressure_calibration[4]) << 1)
	var2 = (var2 >> 2) + (self._pressure_calibration[3] << 16)
	var1 = (((((var1 >> 2) * (var1 >> 2)) >> 13) *
	(self._pressure_calibration[2] << 5) >> 3) +
	((self._pressure_calibration[1] * var1) >> 1))
	var1 = var1 >> 18
	var1 = ((32768 + var1) * self._pressure_calibration[0]) >> 15
	calc_pres = 1048576 - int(self._adc_pres)
	calc_pres = (calc_pres - (var2 >> 12)) * 3125
	calc_pres = (calc_pres << 1) // var1
	var1 = (self._pressure_calibration[8] * (((calc_pres >> 3) * (calc_pres >> 3)) >> 13)) >> 12
	var2 = ((calc_pres >> 2) * self._pressure_calibration[7]) >> 13
	var3 = (((calc_pres >> 8) * (calc_pres >> 8) * (calc_pres >> 8)) * self._pressure_calibration[9]) >> 17
	calc_pres += ((var1 + var2 + var3 + (self._pressure_calibration[6] << 7)) >> 4)
	return calc_pres / 100

	@property
	def humidity(self):
	"""The relative humidity in RH %"""
	self._perform_reading()

	temp_scaled = ((self._t_fine * 5) + 128) >> 8
	var1 = ((self._adc_hum - (self._humidity_calibration[0] * 16)) -
	(((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[2]) // 100) >> 1))
	var2 = (self._humidity_calibration[1] *
	(((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[3]) // 100) +
	(((temp_scaled * ((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[4])
	// 100)) >> 6) // 100) + 16384)) >> 10
	var3 = var1 * var2
	var4 = self._humidity_calibration[5] << 7
	var4 = (var4 + ((temp_scaled * self._humidity_calibration[6]) // 100)) >> 4
	var5 = ((var3 >> 14) * (var3 >> 14)) >> 10
	var6 = (var4 * var5) >> 1
	calc_hum = ((var3 + var6) >> 10) / 4096

	if calc_hum > 10000:
	calc_hum = 10000
	if calc_hum < 0:
	calc_hum = 0
	return calc_hum

	@property
	def altitude(self):
	"""The altitude based on current ``pressure`` vs the sea level pressure
	(``sea_level_pressure``) - which you must enter ahead of time)"""
	pressure = self.pressure # in Si units for hPascal
	return 44330 * (1.0 - math.pow(pressure / self.sea_level_pressure, 0.1903))

	@property
	def gas(self):
	"""The gas resistance in ohms"""
	self._perform_reading()
	var1 = ((1340 + (5 * self._sw_err)) * (_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[self._gas_range])) >> 16
	var2 = ((self._adc_gas << 15) - 16777216) + var1
	var3 = (_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[self._gas_range] * var1) >> 9
	calc_gas_res = (var3 + (var2 >> 1)) // var2
	return int(calc_gas_res)

	def _perform_reading(self):
	"""Perform a single-shot reading from the sensor and fill internal data structure for
	calculations"""
	expired = time.ticks_diff(self._last_reading, time.ticks_ms()) * time.ticks_diff(0, 1)
	if 0 <= expired < self._min_refresh_time:
	time.sleep_ms(self._min_refresh_time - expired)

	# set filter
	self._write(_BME680_REG_CONFIG, [self._filter << 2])
	# turn on temp oversample & pressure oversample
	self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS,
	[(self._temp_oversample << 5)\|(self._pressure_oversample << 2)])
	# turn on humidity oversample
	self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_HUM, [self._humidity_oversample])
	# gas measurements enabled
	self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_GAS, [_BME680_RUNGAS])

	ctrl = self._read_byte(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS)
	ctrl = (ctrl & 0xFC) \| 0x01 # enable single shot!
	self._write(_BME680_REG_CTRL_MEAS, [ctrl])
	new_data = False
	while not new_data:
	data = self._read(_BME680_REG_MEAS_STATUS, 15)
	new_data = data[0] & 0x80 != 0
	time.sleep(0.005)
	self._last_reading = time.ticks_ms()

	self._adc_pres = _read24(data[2:5]) / 16
	self._adc_temp = _read24(data[5:8]) / 16
	self._adc_hum = struct.unpack('>H', bytes(data[8:10]))[0]
	self._adc_gas = int(struct.unpack('>H', bytes(data[13:15]))[0] / 64)
	self._gas_range = data[14] & 0x0F

	var1 = (int(self._adc_temp) >> 3) - (self._temp_calibration[0] << 1)
	var2 = (var1 * self._temp_calibration[1]) >> 11
	var3 = ((var1 >> 1) * (var1 >> 1)) >> 12
	var3 = (var3 * self._temp_calibration[2] << 4) >> 14
	self._t_fine = int(var2 + var3)

	def _read_calibration(self):
	"""Read & save the calibration coefficients"""
	coeff = self._read(_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR1, 25)
	coeff += self._read(_BME680_BME680_COEFF_ADDR2, 16)

	coeff = list(struct.unpack('<hbBHhbBhhbbHhhBBBHbbbBbHhbb', bytes(coeff[1:39])))
	# print("\n\n",coeff)
	self._temp_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [23, 0, 1]]
	self._pressure_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 9, 12, 13, 14]]
	self._humidity_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [17, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22]]
	self._gas_calibration = [coeff[x] for x in [25, 24, 26]]

	# flip around H1 & H2
	self._humidity_calibration[1] <<= 4
	self._humidity_calibration[1] \|= self._humidity_calibration[0] & 0x0f
	self._humidity_calibration[0] >>= 4

	self._heat_range = (self._read_byte(0x02) & 0x30) >> 4
	self._heat_val = self._read_byte(0x00)
	self._sw_err = (self._read_byte(0x04) & 0xF0) >> 4

	def _read_byte(self, register):
	"""Read a byte register value and return it"""
	return self._read(register, 1)[0]

	def _read(self, register, length):
	raise NotImplementedError()

	def _write(self, register, values):
	raise NotImplementedError()

	class BME680_I2C(Adafruit_BME680):
	"""Driver for I2C connected BME680.

	:param i2c: I2C device object
	:param int address: I2C device address
	:param bool debug: Print debug statements when True.
	:param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
	will be from the previous reading."""
	def __init__(self, i2c, address=0x77, debug=False, *, refresh_rate=10):
	"""Initialize the I2C device at the 'address' given"""
	self._i2c = i2c
	self._address = address
	self._debug = debug
	super().__init__(refresh_rate=refresh_rate)

	def _read(self, register, length):
	"""Returns an array of 'length' bytes from the 'register'"""
	result = bytearray(length)
	self._i2c.readfrom_mem_into(self._address, register & 0xff, result)
	if self._debug:
	print("\t${:x} read ".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in result]))
	return result

	def _write(self, register, values):
	"""Writes an array of 'length' bytes to the 'register'"""
	if self._debug:
	print("\t${:x} write".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in values]))
	for value in values:
	self._i2c.writeto_mem(self._address, register, bytearray([value & 0xFF]))
	register += 1


	class BME680_SPI(Adafruit_BME680):
	"""Driver for SPI connected BME680.

	:param spi: SPI device object, configured
	:param cs: Chip Select Pin object, configured to OUT mode
	:param bool debug: Print debug statements when True.
	:param int refresh_rate: Maximum number of readings per second. Faster property reads
	will be from the previous reading.
	"""

	def __init__(self, spi, cs, debug=False, *, refresh_rate=10):
	self._spi = spi
	self._cs = cs
	self._debug = debug
	self._cs(1)
	super().__init__(refresh_rate=refresh_rate)

	def _read(self, register, length):
	if register != _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT:
	# _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT exists in both SPI memory pages
	# For all other registers, we must set the correct memory page
	self._set_spi_mem_page(register)
	register = (register \| 0x80) & 0xFF # Read single, bit 7 high.

	try:
	self._cs(0)
	self._spi.write(bytearray([register])) # pylint: disable=no-member
	result = bytearray(length)
	self._spi.readinto(result) # pylint: disable=no-member
	if self._debug:
	print("\t${:x} read ".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in result]))
	except Exception as e:
	print (e)
	result = None
	finally:
	self._cs(1)
	return result

	def _write(self, register, values):
	if register != _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT:
	# _BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT exists in both SPI memory pages
	# For all other registers, we must set the correct memory page
	self._set_spi_mem_page(register)
	register &= 0x7F # Write, bit 7 low.
	try:
	self._cs(0)
	buffer = bytearray(2 * len(values))
	for i, value in enumerate(values):
	buffer[2 * i] = register + i
	buffer[2 * i + 1] = value & 0xFF
	self._spi.write(buffer) # pylint: disable=no-member
	if self._debug:
	print("\t${:x} write".format(register), " ".join(["{:02x}".format(i) for i in values]))
	except Exception as e:
	print (e)
	finally:
	self._cs(1)

	def _set_spi_mem_page(self, register):
	spi_mem_page = 0x00
	if register < 0x80:
	spi_mem_page = 0x10
	self._write(_BME680_REG_PAGE_SELECT, [spi_mem_page])